Sludge Watch ==> Microbial Fuel Cell - power from sewage - 15 yr old student

[Maureen Reilly]

Student tries to capture the power of sewage
By Lori Aratani
The Washington Post

WASHINGTON It started with the mud.

Icky, sludgy, smelly mud from the depths of the Potomac. At age 13, Sikandar 
Porter-Gill became fascinated with alternative fuel sources and wanted to 
see whether he could harness the bacteria in mud from the river to generate 
power.

His "mud battery" was a success. Now, two years later, Sikandar has moved on 
to bigger things: experimenting with ways to turn sewage into power. Yes, 
that's right, sewage.

Sikandar, 15, recently presented the findings of two years of 
experimentation to officials with the Washington Suburban Sanitary 
Commission's Seneca wastewater treatment plant in Germantown, Md. - people 
who are always looking for ways to do smarter things with sewage.

Dressed in dark slacks, a blue shirt and blue-checked tie, Sikandar 
nervously fired up his PowerPoint presentation.

"My experiment is called 'Improvement of a Single-Chamber Microbial Fuel 
Cell Utilizing a Novel Concept of a Hydrophobic Coating at the Cathode and 
the Incorporation of Graphite Granules at the Anode Electrode,' " he said 
earnestly.

FUEL CELL

Translation? Sikandar, a sophomore at Gaithersburg High School, has spent 
the past two years trying to develop a cheaper, more efficient microbial 
fuel cell. The cell is used by scientists to harness the chemical reaction 
that occurs when bacteria digest the organic matter in sewage. That process 
produces small electrical charges, which are captured for power.

"I wanted to find a cost-effective way to produce (microbial fuel cells) and 
then have them make more power," Sikandar said. The cells and sewage are a 
perfect combination, because they both are "harnessing a process that's 
already going on in nature."

As part of that effort, Sikandar, whose parents are molecular biologists, 
experimented with membranes and coatings that are built into the microbial 
fuel cell. He thinks his biggest breakthrough this time is using graphite 
granules, which act as the electrode in the single-chamber microbial fuel 
cell.

GREAT START

As a freshman, he had built a two-chamber microbial fuel cell but found that 
he could generate 19 percent more power from the single-chamber setup, 
despite using less sewage.

"He just keeps progressing," said his mother, Patricia Porter-Gill, who 
remembers donning rubber boots to dig mud out of the Potomac for the first 
experiment.

Officials with the sanitary commission were impressed.

"It's a great experiment that has a lot of potential," said Sam Amad, 
manager of the Germantown treatment center.

The idea of using sewage to generate electricity has been around since the 
early 1900s, but the science has only taken off in recent years. The 
breakthrough came when scientists discovered that it is possible to generate 
electricity without having to use chemicals in the process.

CONSULTANT

In researching his project, Sikandar consulted with Bruce Logan, professor 
of environmental engineering at Pennsylvania State University, a leader in 
the field of microbial fuel cell research. Work on microbial fuel cells is 
also being done at the University of Massachusetts at Amherst.

As Sikandar concluded his presentation, members of the audience asked to see 
models of his work, which he keeps in a shoebox with a green lid.

Employees gathered around him, asking about coatings and the merits of 
different methods of filling the fuel cell with wastewater.

"At first, I didn't quite understand what he was doing," said Jorge Tello, a 
senior plant operator. "But it looks very promising. We're very impressed."



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