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<DIV><SPAN class=183432716-28012010><FONT face=Arial size=2><FONT size=2>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>Gerard makes several salient points, in particular that
trees are not naturally high headed. There is no disagreement here that low
branches aid trees in many ways. It's foolish to dispute Darwin. But trees don't
naturally grow beside concrete driveways or within 1.5 metres of roadways.
</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>It's great to propose a tree utopia, but in reality there
are strongly vested interests that do not always agree with what is best for
trees. In an urban setting, we as arborists must make pragmatic choices if
we <SPAN class=183432716-28012010>hope to nurture our</SPAN> urban
forests. A low headed deciduous tree in a busy urban boulevard setting will at
worst be torn apart in the first few years as it begins to grow out into streets
and sidewalks. Homeowners are callously unappreciative of the optimal growth
requirements of trees if they <SPAN class=183432716-28012010>perceive those
trees to be </SPAN>in their way; moving trucks and roadway resurfacing
vehicles even less so<SPAN class=183432716-28012010>; p</SPAN>erhaps it is the
classic case of the wrong tree in the wrong location.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>Note that I referred to a blvd setting in the comment.
Perhaps I need to clarify: the comment is not the standard, it is in reference
to a particular site. The comment changes, the standard<SPAN
class=183432716-28012010>,</SPAN> which does allow for <SPAN
class=183432716-28012010>decurrent</SPAN> <SPAN
class=183432716-28012010>habit, does not</SPAN>. Furthermore, I urge you to read
the standard that I cited in depth. It expands greatly from form to reference
the old CTLA (Now CNLA standards). In particular 2.1.1: <SPAN
class=183432716-28012010>"</SPAN>All materials shall meet the horticultural
standards of and comply with, all sections of the latest edition of the Canadian
Landscape Trade Association (C.N.T.A.) planting specifications<SPAN
class=183432716-28012010>"</SPAN>. I believe that these standards are national
and developed in direct consultation with Nurseries. There you will also find
reference to <SPAN class=183432716-28012010>the importance of </SPAN>height
of branching in street tree bid specifications.</FONT></P>
<P><FONT color=#0000ff>Gerard, please feel free to contact me
directly.</FONT></P>
<P></FONT></FONT></SPAN><FONT face=Arial color=#000000
size=2>Regards,<B></B></FONT><B></B> </P></DIV>
<P><B><FONT face="Times New Roman" color=#000000 size=2>Travis Kennedy, BSc,
AIT</FONT></B> <BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>River Valley, Forestry
and Environmental Services</FONT> <BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>12304
- 107 Street</FONT> <BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>Edmonton,
Alberta</FONT> <BR><FONT face="Times New Roman" size=2>T5J 2R7</FONT> <BR><FONT
face="Times New Roman" size=2>p 780 496 4954</FONT> </P><BR>
<BLOCKQUOTE dir=ltr style="MARGIN-RIGHT: 0px">
<DIV></DIV>
<DIV class=OutlookMessageHeader lang=en-us dir=ltr align=left><FONT
face=Tahoma size=2>-----Original Message-----<BR><B>From:</B>
canufnet-bounces@list.web.net [mailto:canufnet-bounces@list.web.net] <B>On
Behalf Of </B>For Trees<BR><B>Sent:</B> Wednesday, January 27, 2010 10:46
PM<BR><B>To:</B> 'Canadian Urban Forest Network'<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re:
[CANUFNET] Healthy tree definition<BR><BR></FONT></DIV>
<DIV class=Section1>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black">With regard to Travis’ comments,
it seems to me that this wording leaves it completely open to whatever
subjective interpretation your inspectors may have on any particular
day, with no recourse whatsoever for the contractors or nurseries that have
their trees rejected. You are basically saying that a tree must conform
to your standards, whatever they may be, right or wrong.
<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black">In point of fact, trees are not
normally high headed, and must be pruned that way in the nursery. Such pruning
is clearly detrimental to the health of the tree, and in most cases, stunts
the growth, reduces taper and trunk strength, and invites disease and poor
compartmentalization, which can lead to trunk cracks, sunscald and several
other defects that I can think of. This is all well researched and documented
in Alex Shigo’s book ‘A New Tree Biology” 1989 and in “Modern Arboriculture.”
1990. Other researchers such as Gilman have since written excellent books on
the topic of pruning and pruning trees for urban areas in the nursery, which
have been universally accepted by most of the rest of North America and the
world. <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black">And what of trees that do not
normally have a central leader in the Edmonton area? Trees like Green Ash,
Mayday, Schubert, Amur Cherry and Ornamental Crabapples very rarely
possess a “single dominant, well developed leader.” I can only imagine that
very few otherwise healthy trees of these varieties survive your inspection
process!<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black">Even if any particular Urban
Forestry department actually knew what a “healthy tree” was and could specify
this in a way that was “not open to interpretation”, there is no guarantee
that picking a tree simply on the basis of “good” form will guarantee future
good health, especially in a place where trees are notoriously difficult to
grow, such as the Western Prairies. Planting methods are the single biggest
factor influencing the success of a tree. And while you are perfectly
right not to accept a tree with obvious signs of abuse such as scrapes and
broken branches, we continue to plant the healthiest of trees in the worst of
places and blame the tree when it dies. Trees need room to grow both above and
below the ground to sustain themselves, and usually have neither in most Urban
Areas in the world today.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black">Fixating on a tree’s form,
especially when the form is entirely unnatural to the species or variety,
certainly should never be considered the only attribute of potential
good health!<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black">We obviously need to rethink the
whole notion of “tree health” when Urban Areas are still in the design
process. I believe it is possible to shape cities to conform to nature,
but nature cannot be retrofitted to fit our cities, if our cities are to be
sustainable.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black">Food for
thought.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><IMG
id=Picture_x0020_1 height=166 alt=ForTreeslogocolour
src="cid:183432716@28012010-0E84" width=288><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Gerard
Fournier<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Board
Certified Master Arborist #PR-0130BT<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">Tree
Canada Community Advisor-Southern Alberta<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">President<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">For
Trees Company Ltd.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'">1-877-390-TREE
(Alberta toll-free)<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 11pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Calibri','sans-serif'"><A
href="http://www.fortrees.ca/"><SPAN
style="COLOR: blue">http://www.fortrees.ca</SPAN></A><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN style="COLOR: black"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<DIV
style="BORDER-RIGHT: medium none; PADDING-RIGHT: 0cm; BORDER-TOP: #b5c4df 1pt solid; PADDING-LEFT: 0cm; PADDING-BOTTOM: 0cm; BORDER-LEFT: medium none; PADDING-TOP: 3pt; BORDER-BOTTOM: medium none">
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">
canufnet-bounces@list.web.net [mailto:canufnet-bounces@list.web.net] <B>On
Behalf Of </B>Travis Kennedy<BR><B>Sent:</B> January-27-10 4:17
PM<BR><B>To:</B> 'Canadian Urban Forest Network'<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re:
[CANUFNET] Healthy tree definition<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Our
Design and Construction standards touch briefly on "healthy" but add a number
of other quality measurements to reinforce our intent:</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Refer
to section 02930 2.2 and 2.3 in <A
href="http://www.edmonton.ca/city_government/documents/PermitsLicences/D_and_C_landscapsng.pdf">Volume
5</A>: City of Edmonton Design and Construction Standards.</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">A
design review comment that we like to make on submitted drawings from
developers usually contains some or all of the wording below (this particular
case is in reference to deciduous blvd. material):</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">"All
trees to be high headed and exhibit a full and uniform crown, with a single
dominant, well developed leader. Trees with broken or damaged or missing
leaders will not be accepted. All plant material must conform to the City of
Edmonton Design and Construction Standards." </SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: blue; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">This
comment in combination with the standard helps prevent confusion about what is
and isn't acceptable during our CCC / FAC inspection process.</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"> <o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Regards,
</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P><B><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black">Travis Kennedy, BSc,
AIT</SPAN></B><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
<BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black">River Valley, Forestry
and Environmental Services</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
<BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black">12304 - 107
Street</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
<BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black">Edmonton,
Alberta</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
<BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black">T5J 2R7</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
<BR></SPAN><SPAN style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black">p 780 496
4954</SPAN><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">
</SPAN><SPAN
style="COLOR: black; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<BLOCKQUOTE style="MARGIN-TOP: 5pt; MARGIN-BOTTOM: 5pt; MARGIN-RIGHT: 0cm">
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal style="MARGIN-BOTTOM: 12pt"><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">-----Original
Message-----<BR><B>From:</B> canufnet-bounces@list.web.net
[mailto:canufnet-bounces@list.web.net] <B>On Behalf Of </B>Kowalyk, Bohdan
(MNR)<BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, January 25, 2010 7:05 PM<BR><B>To:</B>
Canadian Urban Forest Network<BR><B>Subject:</B> Re: [CANUFNET] Healthy tree
definition</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">There
are various tree classification systems depending on intent. For some
purposes, it may be appropriate to require confirmation by a qualified
person, subject to an authority’s approval, that a healthy tree is not
likely to degrade in health and functional attributes for at least the next
15 years.<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Bohdan<o:p></o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; COLOR: navy; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'"><o:p> </o:p></SPAN></P>
<DIV>
<DIV class=MsoNormal style="TEXT-ALIGN: center" align=center><SPAN
lang=EN-US>
<HR align=center width="100%" SIZE=2>
</SPAN></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><B><SPAN lang=EN-US
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">From:</SPAN></B><SPAN
lang=EN-US style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Tahoma','sans-serif'">
canufnet-bounces@list.web.net [mailto:canufnet-bounces@list.web.net] <B>On
Behalf Of </B>SVescio@thunderbay.ca<BR><B>Sent:</B> Monday, January 25, 2010
1:02 PM<BR><B>To:</B> canufnet@list.web.net<BR><B>Subject:</B> [CANUFNET]
(no subject)</SPAN><SPAN lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></SPAN></P></DIV>
<P class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></P>
<P class=MsoNormal><BR><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Hello out
there,</SPAN> <BR><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Is there an
accepted or standard definition for the term "healthy tree"? We would
like to revise the wording for acceptable condition of trees at final
inspection and do not want the health of a tree open to general
interpretation. Thanks.</SPAN> <BR><BR><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">Shelley Vescio
RPF</SPAN> <BR><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">City of Thunder
Bay</SPAN> <BR><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">(807)
625-2473</SPAN> <BR><SPAN
style="FONT-SIZE: 10pt; FONT-FAMILY: 'Arial','sans-serif'">(807) 625-3258
(fax)</SPAN> <BR><BR>The information transmitted by electronic communication
is intended only for the person or entity to which it is addressed and may
contain confidential and/or privileged material. The sender does not waive
any related rights or obligations. Any review, re-transmission,
dissemination or other use of, or taking of any action in reliance upon this
information, by persons or entities other than the intended recipient, is
prohibited. If you received this in error, please contact the sender and
delete the material from any
computer<o:p></o:p></P></BLOCKQUOTE></DIV></BLOCKQUOTE></BODY></HTML>