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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body bgcolor=white lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060'>Well, just to “put the fox amongst the chickens”, here us how we approach this issue. We do not support “spiral pruning” for the reasons given by Julian. Whether a stand-alone conifer or a ‘new forest-edge’ condition, if the tree is judged to be an important tree to retain, but considered at risk of windthrow, <b>we generally advocate a very modest reduction in the height of the tree</b>. This typically translates into nothing larger than a 4 – 5” pruning cut and the removal of 5 – 10’ of the leader. We make it clear to our clients that the tree is now classified as a “managed tree” that will require periodic aerial inspection and maintenance. For instance, it is beneficial to return to the tree 3 – 5 years later to simplify the new leaders that typically form from the branches arising beneath the pruning wound to a single leader.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060'>We find that this approach provides the maximum amount of stability with the least amount of damage to the tree and its SULE. The procedure is gentle enough not to subvert the tree’s natural response to high, gusty wind events, which to fare-back in the stem, branches, twigs and leaves <u>as a unit</u> to reduce the overall windage of the tree. The procedure reduces the opportunity for wind to enter and windmill within the interior of the canopy, which tends to flex limbs in directions they are not adapted to and causing unnecessary limb failure, as Julian notes.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060'>This approach is to be distinguished from the practice of “topping” in the following respects:<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Wingdings 3";color:#002060'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>}<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060'>“Topping” typically removes 25 – 50% of the canopy of a tree, and the most photosynthetically productive fraction at that; depending upon the live-crown ratio we confront, our procedure removes approximately 5 – 10%.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Wingdings 3";color:#002060'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>}<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060'>“Topping” results in a large topping wound that is generally to large to compartmentalize effectively; our procedure does not.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoListParagraph style='text-indent:-18.0pt;mso-list:l0 level1 lfo1'><![if !supportLists]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Wingdings 3";color:#002060'><span style='mso-list:Ignore'>}<span style='font:7.0pt "Times New Roman"'> </span></span></span><![endif]><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060'>“Topping” triggers a stress response in the tree, as it attempts to replace the large amount of canopy lost. This draws down the photosynthate reserves in the tree and results in the development of overly-vigorous leaders with weaker wood strength.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060'>We have been fortunate to have had a case study to field test this procedure at a landscape scale along the shoreline of one of Vancouver Island’s windiest lakes. A Riparian strip of second or third-growth Douglas Fir forest 15 – 20m wide and several kilometres long was left standing on the lower slope of the lake. Recreational lots were created along the length of the site, with building sites placed within falling distance of the remnant forest trees (against our advice). We have been observing the site for six years since the initial tree management. In six years, there have been two failures of the several hundred modified edge-trees, both along the water’s edge and compounded by an increase in the lake level. In contrast, 11 trees in an unmanaged/undeveloped section of the site with fewer than 100 trees failed during an extreme wind event. <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060'>I appreciate that this kind of approach would be difficult to sell in a municipal setting, given the orthodoxy within the arboricultural community against topping, however defined. Still, it as an evidence-based approach, we consider it defensible and welcome comment on its merits or deficiencies. Let the games commence </span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;color:#002060'>J</span><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060'>.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>Best regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>Jeremy Gye</span></b><span style='font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>President and Senior Consultant<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#002060;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'><img width=242 height=43 id="_x0000_i1034" src="cid:image010.jpg@01D08BD9.C4601660" alt="cid:image001.jpg@01CFD0BD.F440FD90"></span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#002060;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#002060;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>O: (250) 544-1700<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>F: (250) 544-2059<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>C: (250) 883-4533<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>E: <a href="mailto:jgye@gyeandassociates.ca"><span style='color:#002060;text-decoration:none'>jgye@gyeandassociates.ca</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:10.0pt;color:red;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'><a href="http://www.gyeandassociates.ca/"><span style='color:red'>www</span><span style='color:black'>.gye</span><span style='color:red'>and</span><span style='color:black'>associates.</span><span style='color:red'>ca</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></b></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'><o:p> </o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Microsoft Sans Serif","sans-serif";color:#002060'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'> CANUFNET [mailto:canufnet-bounces@list.web.net] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Ken Byrne<br><b>Sent:</b> May-11-15 9:22 AM<br><b>To:</b> Canadian Urban Forest Network<br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [CANUFNET] spiral pruning<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Hello Emily,</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Just to add to Julian’s comments if you want some further documentation the following link has some Best Management Practices for edge treatments starting about page 7-28.</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'><a href="https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/ftp/hbt/external/!publish/web/ems2/BCTS-Coastal-Windthrow-Manual.pdf">https://www.for.gov.bc.ca/ftp/hbt/external/!publish/web/ems2/BCTS-Coastal-Windthrow-Manual.pdf</a> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Cheers,</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'>Ken</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 align=left width=710 style='width:426.25pt;border-collapse:collapse;margin-left:6.75pt;margin-right:6.75pt'><tr style='height:36.75pt'><td width=281 rowspan=2 valign=top style='width:168.3pt;border:none;border-right:solid #339966 1.0pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:36.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-hspace:8.55pt;mso-element-wrap:around;mso-element-anchor-vertical:paragraph;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:column;mso-height-rule:exactly'><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'><img border=0 width=210 height=74 id="Image_x0020_1" src="cid:image011.png@01D08BD9.C4601660" alt="Description : cid:image004.png@01CBBBDD.C07E2490"></span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=430 colspan=2 valign=top style='width:257.95pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:36.75pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-hspace:8.55pt;mso-element-wrap:around;mso-element-anchor-vertical:paragraph;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:column;mso-height-rule:exactly'><b><span lang=FR-CA style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:green;mso-fareast-language:FR-CA'>Ken Byrne, PhD, RPF</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-hspace:8.55pt;mso-element-wrap:around;mso-element-anchor-vertical:paragraph;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:column;mso-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=FR-CA style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#336600;mso-fareast-language:FR-CA'>Researcher / Chercheur</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='background:whitesmoke;vertical-align:top;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-hspace:8.55pt;mso-element-wrap:around;mso-element-anchor-vertical:paragraph;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:column;mso-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=FR-CA style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#336600;mso-fareast-language:FR-CA'>Forest Operations Division / </span><span lang=FR-CA style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#336600;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>Division des opérations forest</span><span lang=FR style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#336600;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>ières</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='margin-right:14.05pt;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-hspace:8.55pt;mso-element-wrap:around;mso-element-anchor-vertical:paragraph;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:column;mso-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=FR-CA style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA'>2665 East Mall, Vancouver, BC V6T 1Z4</span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr><tr style='height:29.15pt'><td width=228 valign=top style='width:136.5pt;padding:0cm 5.4pt 0cm 5.4pt;height:29.15pt'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-hspace:8.55pt;mso-element-wrap:around;mso-element-anchor-vertical:paragraph;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:column;mso-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-language:FR-CA'>(</span><span lang=FR-CA style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA'> 604-222-5709</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-hspace:8.55pt;mso-element-wrap:around;mso-element-anchor-vertical:paragraph;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:column;mso-height-rule:exactly'><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:Wingdings;mso-fareast-language:FR-CA'>+</span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;mso-fareast-language:FR-CA'> </span><span lang=FR-CA style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA'><a href="mailto:Ken.Byrne@fpinnovations.ca">Ken.Byrne@fpinnovations.ca</a></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-hspace:8.55pt;mso-element-wrap:around;mso-element-anchor-vertical:paragraph;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:column;mso-height-rule:exactly'><span lang=FR-CA style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";mso-fareast-language:FR-CA'><a href="http://www.fpinnovations.ca/">www.fpinnovations.ca</a></span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td width=202 valign=top style='width:121.45pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 0cm;height:29.15pt'><p class=MsoNormal align=right style='text-align:right;mso-element:frame;mso-element-frame-hspace:8.55pt;mso-element-wrap:around;mso-element-anchor-vertical:paragraph;mso-element-anchor-horizontal:column;mso-height-rule:exactly'><b><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:green;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'><img border=0 width=42 height=41 id="_x0000_i1026" src="cid:image012.png@01D08BD9.C4601660"></span></b><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='color:#1F497D'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #B5C4DF 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Tahoma","sans-serif";color:windowtext;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'> CANUFNET [<a href="mailto:canufnet-bounces@list.web.net">mailto:canufnet-bounces@list.web.net</a>] <b>On Behalf Of </b>Julian Dunster<br><b>Sent:</b> May-11-15 9:12 AM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:canufnet@list.web.net">canufnet@list.web.net</a><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [CANUFNET] spiral pruning</span><o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>In the Lower Mainland of BC a few of us initiated spiral pruning as a technique to reduce the likelihood of windthrow, in the early 90's. Initially it was mainly Douglas-firs, hemlocks, and redcedars along new edges as development occurred. Later it was tried on isolated trees. <br><br>As an edge treatment for newly exposed trees in a forest it works well. It opens up the edge to be more 'porous' and the wind dissipates back into the forest stand without triggering windthrow. As a treatment for individual trees trees it is less successful, and on Douglas-fir, very harmful. When we started it over two decades back, we had heard a little about branch clashing, wind sail etc and it seemed a logical approach. It turns out that, at least in Douglas-fir, the branches need to clash. When they were removed as part of spiral pruning they moved a lot more in strong winds and increased branch failure resulted, which in turn allowed other branches to move more and encouraged additional branch failure. I recall seeing isolated Douglas-firs that had been spiral pruned, looking very motheaten years later, with massive amounts of limbs broken off. The trees not touched seemed just fine and few had fallen down.<br><br>These days I would not prescribe spiral pruning for an individual tree that is isolated. I would still recommend it as part of edge treatment for newly exposed trees (any species) in forest conditions. It should not be prohibited in all circumstances. Like many treatments there is a time and place where it can be very effective as means of meeting defined management goals. <br><br><br><o:p></o:p></p><pre>On Behalf of Dunster and Associates Environmental Consultants Ltd.<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Dr. Julian A Dunster R.P.F., R.P.P.., M.C.I.P., ISA Certified Arborist,<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>ASCA Registered Consulting Arborist # 378, <o:p></o:p></pre><pre>ISA Tree Risk Assessment Qualified<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>BC Wildlife Danger Tree Assessor<o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Honourary Life Member ISA + PNWISA<o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <o:p></o:p></pre><pre><a href="http://www.dunster.ca">www.dunster.ca</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <o:p></o:p></pre><pre>Distributor for Air Spade. <a href="http://www.air-spade.com">www.air-spade.com</a><o:p></o:p></pre><pre> <o:p></o:p></pre><pre>North American Distributor for Rinntech equipment. <a href="http://www.rinntech.com">www.rinntech.com</a> <o:p></o:p></pre><div><p class=MsoNormal>On 11/05/2015 8:47 AM, Hamilton, Emily wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='margin-top:5.0pt;margin-bottom:5.0pt'><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222;background:white;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>Good morning,</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>We are looking into justification for or against spiral pruning here at the City of Surrey and I was wondering if anyone had any experience or documentation that they'd like to share related to this. Any thoughts? </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='background:white'><span style='font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial","sans-serif";color:#222222;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'><br>Thank you,<br>Emily</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal> <o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>Regards,</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>Emily</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;color:#404040;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>Emily Hamilton | Environmental Technician - Arboriculture<br><br><img border=0 width=200 height=73 id="Picture_x0020_1" src="cid:image013.png@01D08BD9.C4601660" alt="COS_Tag_pp_cmyk-200"></span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:6.0pt;color:#76923C;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'> </span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><b><span style='font-size:9.0pt;color:#76923C;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>CITY OF SURREY</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;color:#999999;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>Trees and Landscape Section, Building Division – Planning and Development</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:9.0pt;color:#999999;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'>13450 104th Ave, Surrey, BC, Canada V3T 1V8<br>T 604.591.4560 </span><span style='color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'><a href="http://www.surrey.ca/"><span style='font-size:9.0pt;color:#76923C'>www.surrey.ca/treeprotection</span></a></span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;color:#76923C;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:6.0pt;color:#76923C;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='font-size:6.0pt;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA'> </span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><a href="http://www.surrey.ca/12392.aspx"><span style='color:#404040;mso-fareast-language:EN-CA;text-decoration:none'><img border=0 width=29 height=29 id="Picture_x0020_2" src="cid:image014.png@01D08BD9.C4601660" alt="Social
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