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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Greetings Alan:<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Canopy targets for a city or town are, in my view, fairly arbitrary and definitely not generalizable. I hold the view that targets are never
scientifically based because they depend on people to express preferences and are therefore value-based. The target-setting exercise can be scientifically informed, of course. In the case of urban-forest canopy, one might expect an analysis of current canopy
coverage and its benefits, as well as a range of forecasts detailing how many more trees it would take to get to a specific canopy coverage, and what would be the benefit stream associated with each scenario of canopy coverage. I have never seen this done.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">One could look at the question this way: what factors influence the setting of a canopy target? Factors might include: (a) the current canopy,
which is presumably lower than the target; (b) the cost, in terms of new trees established, to get to a specific canopy target at a particular future year; (c) the prospects that the cost predicted can be covered from the various budgets available; (d) the
increase in benefits associated with the targeted canopy cover; and (e) what other cities and towns are doing in this respect. While (a) through (d) are sensible factors, (e) is less so, but I’ll bet that many urban-forest strategies are based on peer behaviour
when it comes to canopy targets. Perhaps it boils down to this: how much canopy cover would we ideally want? Probably much, much more than we have today. But how much canopy cover can we realistically hope to achieve in the next decades? Probably some
smallish fraction of the ideal. So let’s pick a number that seems achievable and gets us substantially more canopy than we have today.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">I would be most interested to know if anyone is using a more sophisticated approach than this.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Best wishes, Peter Duinker</span><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Peter N. Duinker, PhD, P.Ag.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Professor<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">School for Resource and Environmental Studies<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Faculty of Management<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Dalhousie University<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">6100 University Ave.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Halifax, Nova Scotia, Canada
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">B3H 4R2<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Phone: 902-494-7100<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Cell: 902-229-5141<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Fax: 902-494-3728<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="text-autospace:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">Email: peter.duinker@dal.ca<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-GB" style="font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif">http://www.dal.ca/faculty/management/sres/faculty-staff/our-faculty/peter-duinker.html</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> CANUFNET [mailto:canufnet-bounces@list.web.net]
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Alan Kemp<br>
<b>Sent:</b> June 21, 2016 1:11 PM<br>
<b>To:</b> 'Canadian Urban Forest Network' <canufnet@list.web.net><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [CANUFNET] tree canopy target<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">The City of Nanaimo has an Urban Forest Management Strategy. In that Strategy we have a target of increasing our forest canopy to over 30% in the next decade. Of course this is difficult in the urban setting.
Our Management and Protection of Trees Bylaw supports this document by requiring tree replacement plans for development, which in general terms works. However, I was asked why 30% or even 35%? What is the scientific reasoning behind that. Although I can explain
all the benefits of an urban forest, I could not really give a good science based answer. I have looked through a lot of literature, but don’t seem to be able to give a reasonable answer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt">Any suggestions?<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:12.0pt"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif">Alan Kemp<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif">Urban Forestry Coordinator<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif">Certified Arborist, Certified Tree Risk Assessor<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif">Community Development<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif">City of Nanaimo<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif">250 755 4460 (local 4357)<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif"><a href="mailto:alan.kemp@nanaimo.ca">alan.kemp@nanaimo.ca</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif"><a href="http://www.nanaimo.ca/goto/urbantrees">www.nanaimo.ca/goto/urbantrees</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Book Antiqua",serif"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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