<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">The issues with pear are clearly for poor nursery pruning that makes a heading cut to promote a tight canopy head and weak branch unions. i have seen Bradford pears that were properly pruned in the nursery and they ave quite strong union, open canopies. A valley forge elm that i started from a small hip and moved into a open landscape site developed a very wide spreading open canopy 9almost too open and wide spreading and i can see that the industry would want to prune that species hard to make a “better looking” tree but one with structural defects. We have to always look at the nursery pruning (and root system) before writing off a species as a weak candidate. The industry too often never thinks about the future health of the tree.<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Jim Urban<br class=""><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Jan 11, 2018, at 11:35 AM, Naomi Zurcher via CANUFNET <<a href="mailto:canufnet@list.web.net" class="">canufnet@list.web.net</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=windows-1252" class=""><div style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; -webkit-line-break: after-white-space; " class="">It would certainly be interesting to know more about how we get to point B - trees that cannot survivie long term making it through the process - whatever that might be.<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class=""><br class=""><div class=""><div class="">On Jan 11, 2018, at 9:59 AM, <a href="mailto:shawnriberdy@yahoo.ca" class="">shawnriberdy@yahoo.ca</a> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite" class=""><meta http-equiv="content-type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" class=""><div dir="auto" class=""><div class="">Hi Naomi </div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">I'm not an expert in developing disease free plant I also have never applied for funding on any research project but my guess would be that these cultivars are created from grants or funding for a research project. Then the funding gets started to solve the issue that is causing the problems and then when that has been figured out the funding is stoped or has already been cut. The other issues that come up like structure and weak attachment is an issue that arises latter in the life cycle of the tree when the funding is already cut or is not the focus. Just my thoughts I'm not sure if anyone els has a more first hand explanation. </div><div class=""><br class="">Thank you <div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Shawn Riberdy </div></div><div class=""><br class="">On Jan 11, 2018, at 5:41 AM, Naomi Zurcher via CANUFNET <<a href="mailto:canufnet@list.web.net" class="">canufnet@list.web.net</a>> wrote:<br class=""><br class=""></div><blockquote type="cite" class=""><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html charset=windows-1252" class=""><base href="x-msg://106/" class="">Hi ANderw:<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Field experience is the very best research so appreciate your sharing as will be helpful for future reference.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Elms are not the only urban tree species that have had this issue. Pyrus calleryana 'Bradford" was a great tree for many reasons but notorious for falling apart with approaching maturity due to branch angle / included bark issues.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Do you have an idea why, when these cultivars are developed, this issue is not taken into account more often? What's the point in specifying trees that you know will fail with maturity? Better to never use and that is certainly a "no win" for the developer or the nurseries selling the species.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Wastes a lot of time effort and money.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Kind regards</div><div class="">naomi<br class=""><div class=""><div class="">On Jan 11, 2018, at 8:17 AM, Andrew Boyd via CANUFNET <<a href="mailto:canufnet@list.web.net" class="">canufnet@list.web.net</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div lang="EN-CA" link="blue" vlink="purple" style="font-family: Helvetica; font-size: inherit; font-style: normal; font-variant-ligatures: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-variant-east-asian: normal; font-variant-position: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; line-height: normal; orphans: 2; text-align: -webkit-auto; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; widows: 2; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px;" class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; "><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); " class="">Hi Alison,<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); " class="">As someone who has been heavily involved in the work around Parliament Hill in Ottawa I can tell you that the predominant cultivar (clone) used has been ‘Liberty’ and not ‘Accolade’ (at least in the case of the elms planted adjacent to the US Embassy not far from the hill). Like many elms developed in response to Dutch elm disease it seems they do have a tendency to form poor unions (in particular with included bark). Ultimately of course this can lead to failure as the trees mature. <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); " class="">On another recent project in Ottawa this was also an issue for a number of ‘Valley Forge’ trees, none of which were over 15cm in diameter. From what I could tell in this instance they were victims of their own success - growing so rapidly that pruning couldn’t keep them in good form. It sounds as though your clients are experiencing the same issue. <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); " class=""> </span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); " class="">Andrew K. Boyd, R.P.F.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); " class="">Consulting Urban Forester<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); " class="">IFS Associates Inc.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); " class="">P.O. Box 13593<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); " class="">Ottawa, ON<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); " class="">K2K 1X6<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); " class="">Tel: 613-839-0101<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); " class="">Fax: 613-839-0114<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); " class=""><a href="http://www.ifsassociates.ca/" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline; " class="">www.ifsassociates.ca</a><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: rgb(31, 73, 125); " class=""> </span></div><div class=""><div style="border-style: solid none none; border-top-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(225, 225, 225); padding: 3pt 0in 0in; " class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><b class=""><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; " class="">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; " class=""><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>CANUFNET [mailto:canufnet-<a href="mailto:bounces@list.web.net" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline; " class="">bounces@list.web.net</a>]<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">On Behalf Of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Alison Bond via CANUFNET<br class=""><b class="">Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Tuesday, January 9, 2018 4:46 PM<br class=""><b class="">To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><a href="mailto:canufnet@list.web.net" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline; " class="">canufnet@list.web.net</a><br class=""><b class="">Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>[CANUFNET] Elms and breakage<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><div id="GroupWiseSection_1515533498000_ABOND@envision-tatham.com_6D9784A083F10047889340061400B217_" class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; " class="">All:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; " class=""> </span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; " class="">At a conference in Quebec City I learned that much of the areas around the parliament buildings were being planted with Accolade Elm with good success. After that conference we started incorporating elms into our street tree planting plans. Accolade wasn't always available so there were often substitutions (Valley Forge, Princeton, Pioneer, Triumph.)<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; " class=""> </span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; " class="">I have recently noticed that some of the elms (when reaching about 15.0 cm dbh) are starting to break apart and large branches are failing. Many of these elms are vigorous growers and municipalities haven't been able to keep up with pruning to keep the form strong.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; " class=""> </span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; " class="">Has anyone else noticed this predisposition to breakage? <o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; " class=""> </span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; " class="">Thanks.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0in 0in 0.0001pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; " class="">Alison<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 3.75pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Segoe UI', sans-serif; " class=""><br class=""><br class=""></span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; " class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><div class=""><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 3.75pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; " class="">Alison Bond </span><strong class=""><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: gray; " class="">BSc MSc BLA OALA CSLA</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; " class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></p><div class=""><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 3.75pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><strong class=""><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: gray; " class="">Landscape Architect and Certified Arborist</span></strong><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; " class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></p></div></div><div style="margin: 0in 0in 3.75pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; " class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; " class=""> </span><br class="webkit-block-placeholder"></div><div class=""><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 3.75pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><strong class=""><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; " class="">ENVISION-TATHAM Inc.</span></strong><strong class=""><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; " class=""> </span></strong><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; " class=""> </span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; " class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></p></div><div class=""><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 3.75pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; " class="">115 Sandford Fleming Drive, Suite 200, Collingwood, L9Y 5A6</span><span style="font-size: 10pt; font-family: 'Arial Narrow', sans-serif; " class=""><o:p class=""></o:p></span></p></div><div class=""><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0in 0in 3.75pt; font-size: 12pt; font-family: 'Times New Roman', serif; "><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif; color: fuchsia; " class=""><a href="mailto:abond@envision-tatham.com" style="color: purple; text-decoration: underline; " class="">abond@envision-tatham.com</a></span><span style="font-size: 7.5pt; 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