<div dir="ltr"><div lang="en-CA" style="clear:none;padding-top:16px;border-radius:8px;padding-left:16px;padding-right:16px"><div style="overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:20px"><font color="#000000" style=""><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium">Hi Ally, I am sure you may have received enough. Based on the definition below, I was going to focus on the part that says unjust distinction based on sex. So I am concerned that the word sexism can be too heavy when describing the bias society has when making tree selections and implies some level of criminality. </span><font size="3">When it comes to tree attributes, there are clearly some tree characteristics that people do not like as they damage property, cause smells (</font>ginko<font size="3"> biloba), aggravate those who have allergies, etc. These disservices are what people use to discriminate against trees for certain planting sites. So discrimination does happen, but is it unjust? From my experiences from listening to homeowners and the tree planting department and experts urban forest managers, these planting sites are close to driveways (where people are averse to damages to their car from sap or fruiting bodies or damage to their driveway), pools, roofs, roads, parking lots and even backyards where pets could be at danger (there was a call to our office regarding a walnut tree, where an owner was concerned it would drop its seed onto its dog). I have learned these preferences for trees are based mostly on property protection. I believe we also tend to become highly risk averse and do not open ourselves to enjoy many species because of the reputation they may get that leads to those who grow trees to avoid. So a simplistic business approach to producing only trees that are 'safe' could also contribute to reducing the choices we have to plant trees in places where they may not cause damage to property. I certainly hope that there isn't an insidious movement to discriminate against female trees, just because they are 'not male'. That would imply utterly disingenuous characters who make those decisions and frankly would be disheartening. </font></font></div><div style="overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:20px"><font color="#000000" style="font-family:arial,sans-serif"><span style="font-size:medium;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Further to this topic, there is a researcher named Darren Patrick who does discuss our biases towards trees. Below is an excerpt from an introduction of </span><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><font size="4">"</font></span></font><font size="4" style="color:rgba(0,0,0,0.87);font-family:arial,sans-serif-light,sans-serif">Urban Forests, Trees, and Greenspace: A Political Ecology Perspective</font><font style="" color="#000000" size="3">", It might help the exploration of social constructions and how they may influence our notions of non-human groups.</font></div><div style="overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:20px"><font style="" color="#000000" size="3">Best regards, Sadia</font></div><div style="overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:20px"><p class="gmail-Body" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;color:black;border:none"><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt">"Darren Patrick questions
the conventional view of one particular tree, the Tree of Heaven (</span><i style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt"><span lang="IT">Ailanthus altissima</span></i><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt">), as an invasive weed species by considering the species in three
different relationships. In one case, the High Line greenspace in New York
City, where the Tree of Heaven was once abundant and existing in harmony with
particular human ecologies (a gay cruising area), developers and city planners
replaced the tree with an ordered and disciplined ecology as the neighbourhood
gentrified. In the case of Detroit</span><span lang="FR" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt">’</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt">s Tree of Heaven Woodshop, the creators found ways
to create a mutualist relationship with the tree, acknowledging its beauty and
utility by finding ways to cure its wood for different ways of wood-making. In
a third case, the “</span><span lang="IT" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt">Ghetto
Palm</span><span lang="EN-US" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt">”, two Moldavian artists use the now ubiquitous and
cursed yet resilient Tree of Heaven to challenge its monikers as bad species
and imagine it as a challenge to alien species and invasive biology concepts
globally. Patrick uses the term “</span><span lang="NL" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt">queer</span><span lang="EN-US" style=""><font face="Times New Roman, serif"><span style="font-size:12pt">” both as a noun to denote marginalized humans
and non-humans, and as a verb to reveal the social constructedness of their
marginalization and the possibilities to re-imagine that position.</span></font><font size="3">"</font></span></p><p class="gmail-Body" style="font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;font-size:12pt;margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;color:black;border:none"><span style="font-size:medium;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"></span></p></div><div style="font-family:arial,sans-serif;font-size:14px;overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:20px"><font color="#000000"><i style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium"></i></font><span style="color:rgb(99,99,99);font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium"></span><div style="overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:20px"><p class="gmail-Body" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black;border:none"><span style="font-size:medium;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Definition of sexism </span></p><p class="gmail-Body" style="margin:0cm 0cm 0.0001pt;font-size:12pt;font-family:"Times New Roman",serif;color:black;border:none"><span style="font-size:medium;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">Main Entry: </span><b style="font-size:medium;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif">sex·ism</b><span style="font-size:medium;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"> </span><a style="font-size:medium;font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif"><img src="http://wordcentral.com/images/audio.gif" border="0" height="11" width="16"></a></p></div><div style="overflow:hidden;padding-bottom:20px"><font color="#000000"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium">Pronunciation: </span><tt><img src="http://wordcentral.com/images/primarystress.gif" width="4" height="12" alt="primarystress">sek-<img src="http://wordcentral.com/images/secondarystress.gif" align="absbottom" width="4" height="12" alt="secondarystress">siz-<img src="http://wordcentral.com/images/schwa.gif" width="8" height="8" alt="schwa">m</tt><br style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium">Function: </span><i style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium">noun</i><br style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium"><b style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium">:</b><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium"> distinction and especially unjust distinction based on sex and made against one person or group in favor of another; </span><i style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium">especially</i><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium"> </span><b style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium">:</b><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium"> distinctions made against women</span><br style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium"><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium">- </span><b style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium">sex·ist</b><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium"> </span><a style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium"><img src="http://wordcentral.com/images/audio.gif" border="0" height="11" width="16"></a><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium"> /</span><tt><img src="http://wordcentral.com/images/primarystress.gif" width="4" height="12" alt="primarystress">sek-s<img src="http://wordcentral.com/images/schwa.gif" width="8" height="8" alt="schwa">st</tt><span style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium">/ </span><i style="font-family:Arial,Helvetica,sans-serif;font-size:medium">adjective or noun</i></font></div></div></div></div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Thu, Mar 5, 2020 at 10:11 AM Naomi Zurcher via CANUFNET <<a href="mailto:canufnet@list.web.net" target="_blank">canufnet@list.web.net</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex"><div>In addition to “plant females that flower” please emphasize that the flower is a single and not a double. Doubles use the nectaries to create the larger blossom, thus offering pollinators confusion and enticement but nothing edible.<br><div><br><blockquote type="cite"><div>On Mar 4, 2020, at 7:46 PM, owen croy via CANUFNET <<a href="mailto:canufnet@list.web.net" target="_blank">canufnet@list.web.net</a>> wrote:</div><br><div><div dir="ltr">of course! I wrote that when I was recovering from a minor procedure, so it all needs to be checked thoroughly! Thanks for that. Owen</div><br><div class="gmail_quote"><div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, 4 Mar 2020 at 14:08, Gerard . <<a href="mailto:gerard@fortrees.com" target="_blank">gerard@fortrees.com</a>> wrote:<br></div><blockquote class="gmail_quote" style="margin:0px 0px 0px 0.8ex;border-left:1px solid rgb(204,204,204);padding-left:1ex">
<div style="background-color:rgb(255,255,255);background-image:initial;line-height:initial">
<div id="gmail-m_-1797010416855439715gmail-m_603993250817669893gmail-m_-6321886954884097221gmail-m_-5121590452557566039response_container_BBPPID" style="outline:none" dir="auto">
<div name="BB10" id="gmail-m_-1797010416855439715gmail-m_603993250817669893gmail-m_-6321886954884097221gmail-m_-5121590452557566039BB10_response_div_BBPPID" dir="auto" style="width:100%">Owen,</div>
<div name="BB10" id="gmail-m_-1797010416855439715gmail-m_603993250817669893gmail-m_-6321886954884097221gmail-m_-5121590452557566039BB10_response_div_BBPPID" dir="auto" style="width:100%">Plants with both sexes on the same tree are monecious. Diecious trees have been only one sex or the other. Female poplar or willow trees can create issues that with all the fluffy
seeds that are produces, which can also become a fire hazard, in areas where they are common. Other trees, such as crabapples, have perfect flowers, with male and female parts in the same flower.</div>
<div name="BB10" id="gmail-m_-1797010416855439715gmail-m_603993250817669893gmail-m_-6321886954884097221gmail-m_-5121590452557566039BB10_response_div_BBPPID" dir="auto" style="width:100%">Gerard Fournier </div>
<div name="BB10" id="gmail-m_-1797010416855439715gmail-m_603993250817669893gmail-m_-6321886954884097221gmail-m_-5121590452557566039BB10_response_div_BBPPID" dir="auto" style="width:100%"><span style="font-family:initial;font-size:initial"><br>
</span></div>
<div name="BB10" id="gmail-m_-1797010416855439715gmail-m_603993250817669893gmail-m_-6321886954884097221gmail-m_-5121590452557566039BB10_response_div_BBPPID" dir="auto" style="width:100%"><span style="font-family:initial;font-size:initial">Sent from my BlackBerry - the most secure mobile device - via the TELUS Network</span></div>
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<div id="gmail-m_-1797010416855439715gmail-m_603993250817669893gmail-m_-6321886954884097221gmail-m_-5121590452557566039_original_msg_header_BBPPID" dir="auto">
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<div id="gmail-m_-1797010416855439715gmail-m_603993250817669893gmail-m_-6321886954884097221gmail-m_-5121590452557566039from"><b>From:</b> <a href="mailto:canufnet@list.web.net" target="_blank">canufnet@list.web.net</a></div>
<div id="gmail-m_-1797010416855439715gmail-m_603993250817669893gmail-m_-6321886954884097221gmail-m_-5121590452557566039sent"><b>Sent:</b> March 4, 2020 1:45 PM</div>
<div id="gmail-m_-1797010416855439715gmail-m_603993250817669893gmail-m_-6321886954884097221gmail-m_-5121590452557566039to"><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:canufnet@list.web.net" target="_blank">canufnet@list.web.net</a></div>
<div id="gmail-m_-1797010416855439715gmail-m_603993250817669893gmail-m_-6321886954884097221gmail-m_-5121590452557566039reply_to"><b>Reply-to:</b> <a href="mailto:canufnet@list.web.net" target="_blank">canufnet@list.web.net</a></div>
<div id="gmail-m_-1797010416855439715gmail-m_603993250817669893gmail-m_-6321886954884097221gmail-m_-5121590452557566039cc"><b>Cc:</b> <a href="mailto:urbanforestryguy@gmail.com" target="_blank">urbanforestryguy@gmail.com</a>; <a href="mailto:rseltzer@treecanada.ca" target="_blank">rseltzer@treecanada.ca</a></div>
<div id="gmail-m_-1797010416855439715gmail-m_603993250817669893gmail-m_-6321886954884097221gmail-m_-5121590452557566039subject"><b>Subject:</b> Re: [CANUFNET] Tree "Sexism" in Canada: Call for information & thoughts</div>
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<div dir="ltr">Most trees used in urban hard surface areas do not produce enough fruit to be bothersome in the way that has been described. e.g. elms, maples, oaks, iron-wood, ornamental cherries and plums, beech, hornbeam, Korean dogwood etc<br>
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Many ornamental trees that produce fruit can and should be used in park settings and people's where there are no hard surfaces to become sticky/slippery/smelly, as they provide food for birds and look gorgeous when in bloom. Examples would be hawthorns, crab
apple, some dogwoods, etc<br>
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Nut-bearing trees should also be considered for park spaces and yards, as they can provide food for both animals and humans, and don’t impact people negatively when planted away from hard surface areas.<br>
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Edible fruit-bearing trees should be planted by home-owners and in community garden areas to be ‘slow’ food sources that do not have to be transported and can be picked ripe and consumed fresh.<br>
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Most conifers planted as ornamentals have both sexes on the same tree (dioecious) so sex selection is not an issue. However, those that produce large cones should be planted in garden beds to prevent nuisance issues from arising. <br>
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<div>Here in the coastal areas of British Columbia, pollen from native trees such as black cottonwood, growing in ravines and other natural areas, fills the air in the spring, probably in greater volumes than produced by non-native urban trees.</div>
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<div>We want to encourage pollinators, not discourage them, so plant females that flower! As always, plant trees that are suitable for the spaces in which they will grow to maturity.</div>
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<div>Owen Croy</div>
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<div dir="ltr" class="gmail_attr">On Wed, 4 Mar 2020 at 07:04, Rebecca Seltzer via CANUFNET <<a href="mailto:canufnet@list.web.net" target="_blank">canufnet@list.web.net</a>> wrote:<br>
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<div><p class="MsoNormal"><a name="m_-1797010416855439715_m_603993250817669893_m_-6321886954884097221_m_-5121590452557566039_m_-8030321751055746651__Hlk17366913">Hello everyone,<u></u><u></u></a></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">We at Tree Canada just received some questions from a reporter at the Guardian, and I thought it would be good to share with the wider urban forestry community. Please do contact Ally Hirschlag directly with your comments.<u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Context:<u></u><u></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal">“Male trees are cleaner and easier to manage than female trees. Unlike their female counterparts, distinctly male plants produce pollen but do not produce seeds, pods and fruit, which fall to the ground and create mess. Female trees also
attract pests, including bees, because they provide a source of food.” <a href="https://globalnews.ca/news/5403667/botanical-sexism-climate-change-asthma-allergies/" target="_blank">
Source</a><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">“Commercial horticulture produces vast numbers of all-male clonal selections from dioecious plants […] Close to 100% of all the ash (<i>Fraxinus)</i>, poplar (<i>Populus),
</i>pistache <i>(Pistacia), </i>bay laurel <i>(Laurus), </i>junipers<i> (Juniperus),
</i>willows<i> (Salix), </i>gingko tree <i>(Gingko), </i>Griselinia<i> (Griselinia),
</i>mulberries<i> (Morus), </i>yellowwood<i> (Podocarpus), </i>locust<i> (Gleditsia)
</i>and logwoods <i>(Xylosma) </i>sold are clonal males.” <a href="https://books.google.ca/books?redir_esc=y&id=pAJCDwAAQBAJ&q=clonal+males#v=snippet&q=clonal%20males&f=false" target="_blank">
Source</a><i><span style="font-size:12pt"><u></u><u></u></span></i></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b><u></u> <u></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal"><b>The questions:<u></u><u></u></b></p>
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<li style="margin-left:0in">
In Canada, has there been a significant proportion of entirely male trees or male clones planted in urban areas? Why has this trend been perpetuated?<u></u><u></u></li><li style="margin-left:0in">
Has this caused an uptick in pollen dispersal in urban communities?<u></u><u></u></li><li style="margin-left:0in">
Do you know of specific communities in Canada looking to lower their pollen count by adding more female trees and/or less allergy-causing pollinators? <u></u><u></u></li><li style="margin-left:0in">
What else are communities in Canada doing to combat worsening allergies in urban or suburban areas due to high tree pollen counts?<u></u><u></u></li></ul><p class="MsoNormal"><b>Contact information:<u></u><u></u></b></p><p class="MsoNormal">Ally Hirschlag<u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="mailto:ally.hirschlag@gmail.com" target="_blank">ally.hirschlag@gmail.com</a><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><a href="tel:2013144322" target="_blank">2013144322</a><u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal">Thank you all! <u></u><u></u></p><p class="MsoNormal"><u></u> <u></u></p>
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<td width="580" valign="top" style="width:434.7pt;padding:0.75pt;min-height:7.25pt"><p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:105%"><b>Rebecca Seltzer<u></u><u></u></b></p>
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</div>
</div>
</blockquote></div>
</div></blockquote></div><br></div></blockquote></div>