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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Hello All.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Drought stress. The pestilence and pathogens are symptoms from the drought stress. Not just from this year but previous years as well.
Not only does it affect trees but is biomagnified from soil flora and fauna and up.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Could the water table have been lowered in the area? It may be temporary, it may not? If possible look at the hydrology in the area.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">In cities as we build these new developments the flow of water to the lakes is being re-directed. Some remnant woodlots are either
starved or flooded. I have several urban woodlots where this is apparent. What was the snow pack looking like the last few years? Slow releases or fast releases?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I believe these thoughts are worthy of consideration. I would also agree that extracting the sap(tree building blocks)out of a tree
may in adverse times not be such a good idea, and could/would be a contributing factor to a stands display of stress(dieback, and arthropods listed below).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">If possible measure the available Non-structural carbohydrates to qualify current state of tree (NIRS). Near-infrared spectroscopy
is still expensive but is great to qualify. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Thank you for the opportunity to participate.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Many thanks,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">John.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">John Hennessy<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Urban forester Inspector City of Brampton<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif;color:#1F497D;mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Municipal Specialist ON1193-a<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<b><span style="font-size:24.0pt;font-family:"Open Sans",serif;color:#1C1D1E">Near‐infrared spectroscopy (NIRS ) predicts non‐structural carbohydrate concentrations in different tissue types of a broad range of tree species<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:11.0pt;font-family:"Calibri",sans-serif"> CANUFNET <canufnet-bounces@list.web.net>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>ConsultingArborist via CANUFNET<br>
<b>Sent:</b> 2020/07/08 8:52 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> Canadian Urban Forest Network <canufnet@list.web.net><br>
<b>Cc:</b> ConsultingArborist <careofthetrees@gmail.com><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [EXTERNAL]Re: [CANUFNET] Sugar Maple Decline Bancroft Ontario near Algonquin park<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Hi.<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Like Michael said, those trees need to be looked at in the field. You've listed a bunch of arthropod pests which are relatively minor (gall mites, leaf miners, erineum mites, leaf rollers, etc...) and I highly doubt would be the cause of
any significant decline or dieback. When I hear of sugar maples declining in a "managed maple forest", my first question would be if there is any tapping history and, if so, whether or not the guidelines for # of taps per tree have been adhered to (i.e., is
there a history of overtapping?).<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Oliver K. Reichl, B.E.S.(Hons)<br>
Principal / Consulting Arborist-Ecologist*<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Arborsphere Arboriculture & Urban Forestry Consulting<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">18 Larue Mills Road<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Mallorytown, ON, K0E 1R0<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Tel: <a href="tel:613-923-8833" target="_blank">613-213-6840</a><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Web:<a href="https://can01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.oliverkilian.com%2Ftreecare&data=02%7C01%7Cjohn.hennessy%40brampton.ca%7Cb2b540b4aa5b48699aa308d823419a80%7Cb209e2b2a1f744ea94c53c09c252e151%7C0%7C0%7C637298111959363218&sdata=ggZY3pqYAhbddgMneisMkK0xfx8Fi4dmEvlw%2BFmxCUo%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank">
www.oliverkilian.com/treecare</a>, <a href="https://can01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fpages%2FOliver-K-Reichl-BESHons-Consulting-Arborist%2F192125024193992&data=02%7C01%7Cjohn.hennessy%40brampton.ca%7Cb2b540b4aa5b48699aa308d823419a80%7Cb209e2b2a1f744ea94c53c09c252e151%7C0%7C0%7C637298111959373217&sdata=Fr8h08NvtG8i3d%2B0s3Hvz8NBI6yhfOT4hwS%2BGPCEmkY%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank">
Facebook</a><br>
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<img border="0" width="200" height="42" style="width:2.0833in;height:.4375in" id="_x0000_i1025" src="https://drive.google.com/uc?id=0B7SSfng8pgSwVkRwR01jYWZhZ2M&export=download"><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt">* ASCA Registered Consulting Arborist #553</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt"> ISA Certified Arborist #ON-1178A</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt"> Ontario Butternut Health Assessor #039</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt"> ISA Tree Risk Assessor Qualified</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:7.5pt"> OUFC Heritage Tree Inspector</span><o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">On Mon, Jul 6, 2020 at 11:00 AM Michael Richardson via CANUFNET <<a href="mailto:canufnet@list.web.net">canufnet@list.web.net</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="margin-bottom:12.0pt">This gentleman needs some in the field help. There are any number of<br>
Foresters and Arborists who should be able to help.<br>
<br>
The problem needs to be identified before any treatment.<br>
<br>
He needs to check for Cryptostroma corticale (sooty bark disease) as one<br>
of the less obvious issues.<br>
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<br>
<br>
> I am a volunteer with the Master Gardeners of Ontario and field<br>
> questions from across Ontario. I received a desperate request from an<br>
> individual in the Bancroft area regarding managed maple forest in<br>
> decline. Canopy dieback, heavy insect damage including caterpillars,<br>
> weevils, and aphids, along with mites and disease pressures seem to be<br>
> occurring.<br>
><br>
> In the one photo provided, I can observe two species of weevils (one<br>
> appears to be Phyllobius oblongus - European Snout Beetle), a green<br>
> aphid issue (with associated honeydew), some minor leaf miner<br>
> activity, eriophyid mites with what may be erineum galls, minor leaf<br>
> spots, a leaf roller, and webbing from unknown source (possibly mite).<br>
> He reports additional caterpillar activity, which I presume are gypsy<br>
> moths as they are widely reported in the region this year.<br>
><br>
> He is unable to find anyone in the area to provide him support and advice.<br>
><br>
> Based on my reading, I have advised soil testing with particular<br>
> attention given to phosphorus levels and potential imbalances in Ca,<br>
> Al, Mg and Mn. If consistent with soil tests, I have recommended<br>
> liming based on recent article by Moore (2020).<br>
><br>
> If open land is adjacent to the maple stand, I have also recommended<br>
> creating a meadow buffer to support natural predators like lacewings<br>
> and parasitic wasps to help control the aphids and insect pest<br>
> populations.<br>
><br>
> Please let me know if this advice is sound and what other measures<br>
> this individual might take. Could you recommend advisors or<br>
> consultants in the Bancroft area that might assist this landowner?<br>
><br>
> Thank you for your attention to this inquiry.<br>
><br>
> Best Regards,<br>
> Catherine Kavassalis<br>
> Master Gardeners of Ontario<br>
> MGOI.ca<br>
> Admin. <a href="https://can01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Fwww.facebook.com%2Fgroups%2FMasterGardenersofOntario%2F&data=02%7C01%7Cjohn.hennessy%40brampton.ca%7Cb2b540b4aa5b48699aa308d823419a80%7Cb209e2b2a1f744ea94c53c09c252e151%7C0%7C0%7C637298111959373217&sdata=pokzefYn1tH%2BLkQpDn3eqBolYmbsK9mg32IJFfDm%2Bhs%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank">
https://www.facebook.com/groups/MasterGardenersofOntario/</a><br>
><br>
><br>
><br>
> A few of the articles I have reviewed:<br>
><br>
> Bal, T. L., Storer, A.J., Jurgensen, M.F. et al. (2015). Nutrient<br>
> stress predisoses and contributes to sugar maple dieback across its<br>
> northern range: a review. Forestry 88: 64-83<br>
><br>
> McLaughlin D.L., Linzon S.N., Dimma D.E., McIlveen W.D. (1987) Sugar<br>
> Maple Decline in Ontario. In: Hutchinson T.C., Meema K.M. (eds)<br>
> Effects of Atmospheric Pollutants on Forests, Wetlands and<br>
> Agricultural Ecosystems. NATO ASI Series (Series G: Ecological<br>
> Sciences), vol 16. Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg<br>
> <a href="https://can01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=https%3A%2F%2Flink.springer.com%2Fcha...%2F10.1007%2F978-3-642-70874-9_7&data=02%7C01%7Cjohn.hennessy%40brampton.ca%7Cb2b540b4aa5b48699aa308d823419a80%7Cb209e2b2a1f744ea94c53c09c252e151%7C0%7C0%7C637298111959383208&sdata=WsBnMfqiiBxDaUlX0dDF4eYMzGtW6M7GBrNFaT8NB9I%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank">
https://link.springer.com/cha.../10.1007/978-3-642-70874-9_7</a><br>
><br>
> Moore, Jean-David & Duchesne, Louis & Ouimet, Rock & Deschênes,<br>
> Marie-Lou. (2020). Liming improves sap characteristics of sugar maple<br>
> over the long term. Forest Ecology and Management. 464. 118044.<br>
> 10.1016/j.foreco.2020.118044.<br>
><br>
> McKenney, Daniel & PEDLAR, JOHN & LAWRENCE, KEVIN & CAMPBELL, KATHY &<br>
> Hutchinson, M.F.. (2007). Potential Impacts of Climate Change on the<br>
> Distribution of North American Trees. BioScience. 57. 939-948.<br>
> 10.1641/B571106.<br>
><br>
> OMAFRA. Beneficial Insects in Tree Fruit Orchards in Southern Ontario<br>
> <a href="https://can01.safelinks.protection.outlook.com/?url=http%3A%2F%2Fwww.omafra.gov.on.ca%2Fenglish%2Fcrops%2Ffacts%2F96-029.htm&data=02%7C01%7Cjohn.hennessy%40brampton.ca%7Cb2b540b4aa5b48699aa308d823419a80%7Cb209e2b2a1f744ea94c53c09c252e151%7C0%7C0%7C637298111959383208&sdata=QAO%2BsQ8ijRLqo0wURQTZnnUJ9z6Tfv1tRhJsJcKRciY%3D&reserved=0" target="_blank">
www.omafra.gov.on.ca/english/crops/facts/96-029.htm</a><br>
><br>
> Tara L. Bal, Andrew J. Storer, Martin F. Jurgensen. Evidence of damage<br>
> from exotic invasive earthworm activity was highly correlated to sugar<br>
> maple dieback in the Upper Great Lakes region. Biological Invasions,<br>
> 2017; DOI: 10.1007/s10530-017-1523-0<br>
><br>
><br>
<br>
<o:p></o:p></p>
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