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</o:shapelayout></xml><![endif]--></head><body lang=EN-CA link=blue vlink=purple style='word-wrap:break-word'><div class=WordSection1><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'>They must be thinking that since the beetles chew away at the top of the branches where they meet the stem that more branches means more chewing so more chances to introduce the fungus into the tree.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal>Stephen Smith<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Urban Forest Associates<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Urban Forestry & Ecological Restoration<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>www.ufora.ca<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Office/fax 416-423-3387<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal>Cell 416-707-2164<o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><span style='mso-fareast-language:EN-US'><o:p> </o:p></span></p><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal><b><span lang=EN-US>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US> CANUFNET <canufnet-bounces@list.web.net> <b>On Behalf Of </b>Mike Jenkins via CANUFNET<br><b>Sent:</b> March 5, 2021 3:40 PM<br><b>To:</b> Canadian Urban Forest Network <canufnet@list.web.net><br><b>Cc:</b> Mike Jenkins <mike.jenkins@edmonton.ca><br><b>Subject:</b> Re: [CANUFNET] [External email] Question to mailing list members<o:p></o:p></span></p></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal>In general, I would think that the wound generated by removing the epicormic growth would be a greater attractant and a greater risk of entry for the beetles than leaving the growth in place.<o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal>The epicormic growth itself could be an indicator of where vascular blockage is occurring - potentially due to gallery formation or fungal growth. The growth then would be a response to an infestation or injury that already occurred, and not the causative agent of the gallery or fungus. The weaker connections of epicormic growth would also be more vulnerable to being removed accidentally by wind or other factors, again potentially creating an entry point for the beetles. For these reasons a tree with epicormic growth should be a target of increased monitoring and surveillance.<o:p></o:p></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><div><p class=MsoNormal>On Fri, 5 Mar 2021 at 13:14, Russell Eirich via CANUFNET <<a href="mailto:canufnet@list.web.net">canufnet@list.web.net</a>> wrote:<o:p></o:p></p></div><blockquote style='border:none;border-left:solid #CCCCCC 1.0pt;padding:0cm 0cm 0cm 6.0pt;margin-left:4.8pt;margin-right:0cm'><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US>Epicormic growth probably means there is some factor causing decline in the overall tree health. This would then correspond to a possible increased beetle predation with vector transmission of DED.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US>Just a thought - But I don’t have documented proof either.<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US>Regards<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US>Russell<o:p></o:p></span></p><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div style='border:none;border-top:solid #E1E1E1 1.0pt;padding:3.0pt 0cm 0cm 0cm'><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><b><span lang=EN-US>From:</span></b><span lang=EN-US> CANUFNET <<a href="mailto:canufnet-bounces@list.web.net" target="_blank">canufnet-bounces@list.web.net</a>> <b>On Behalf Of </b>SOS Trees Coalition via CANUFNET<br><b>Sent:</b> Friday, March 5, 2021 1:31 PM<br><b>To:</b> <a href="mailto:canufnet@list.web.net" target="_blank">canufnet@list.web.net</a><br><b>Cc:</b> SOS Trees Coalition <<a href="mailto:trees@sostrees.ca" target="_blank">trees@sostrees.ca</a>><br><b>Subject:</b> [External email] [CANUFNET] Question to mailing list members<o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p><div><div><div><div style='margin-top:6.0pt;font-size:0.875rem' id="gmail-m_8874186604162279230gmail-:11q"><div id="gmail-m_8874186604162279230gmail-:11r"><div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Here is a question that I would like to have posted to the subscribers:</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Has anyone heard of the need to remove watersprouts from American Elm trunks because they could be a source of entry for the elm bark beetle? We have been alerted to this by a university researcher who claims that leaving this growth on elms can leave them vulnerable to Dutch Elm disease. I have never heard of this and want to know if anyone has information to support it.</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Linda Moskalyk</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>President</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>SOS Trees Coalition</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'>Saskatoon</span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>.</span><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p><div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US style='font-size:12.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif'> </span><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal style='mso-margin-top-alt:auto;mso-margin-bottom-alt:auto'><span lang=EN-US> <o:p></o:p></span></p></div><div style='border:solid #9C6500 1.0pt;padding:2.0pt 2.0pt 2.0pt 2.0pt'><p style='margin-bottom:0cm;background:white'><b><span lang=EN-US style='color:red'>CAUTION: This email originated from outside the organization. Do not open links or attachments you were not expecting, even from known senders. Contact the TDI ServiceDesk at 306-777-7980 if the email is suspicious. </span></b><span lang=EN-US><o:p></o:p></span></p></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><span lang=EN-US>DISCLAIMER: The information transmitted is intended only for the addressee and may contain confidential, proprietary and/or privileged material. Any unauthorized review, distribution or other use of or the taking of any action in reliance upon this information is prohibited. If you received this in error, please contact the sender and delete or destroy this message and any copies. <o:p></o:p></span></p></div></blockquote></div><p class=MsoNormal><br clear=all><o:p></o:p></p><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p></div><p class=MsoNormal>-- <o:p></o:p></p><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><div><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><div><table class=MsoNormalTable border=0 cellspacing=0 cellpadding=0 style='border-collapse:collapse'><tr style='height:84.0pt'><td valign=top style='border:solid white 1.0pt;padding:5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;height:84.0pt'><p style='margin:0cm'><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'><img border=0 width=74 height=74 style='width:.775in;height:.775in' id="_x0000_i1025" src="https://lh5.googleusercontent.com/AhWxxPie7JkSUy_NPIBf2BHeHvgKOtZCFcnG-l1rO14v1HRq11O9NM7YyZmyduCNeQ529-6L09QtnO_2VmwISnvOIJg16guXFgI_NEapPGtJRD0w6pG_XQSuGbjKqKZzTuJL2tf7"></span><o:p></o:p></p></td><td valign=top style='border:solid white 1.0pt;border-left:none;padding:5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt 5.25pt;height:84.0pt'><p style='margin:0cm'><b><span style='font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>Mike Jenkins</span></b><o:p></o:p></p><p style='margin:0cm'><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#515151'>PEST COORDINATOR<br>ANIMAL CARE & PEST MANAGEMENT</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='margin:0cm'><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#515151'>CITIZEN SERVICES | COMMUNITY STANDARDS & NEIGHBOURHOODS</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p style='margin:0cm'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1155CC'>780-496-6395</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'> </span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>OFFICE</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='margin:0cm'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#1155CC'>780-918-7731</span><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'> </span><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black'>MOBILE</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='margin:0cm'><o:p> </o:p></p><p style='margin:0cm'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#515151'>CITY OF EDMONTON </span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='margin:0cm'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#515151'>PEST MANAGEMENT</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='margin:0cm'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#515151'>12312 - 107 ST</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='margin:0cm'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#515151'>Edmonton AB T5G 2S7</span><o:p></o:p></p><p style='margin:0cm'><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#515151'>Pronouns (He/Him)</span><o:p></o:p></p><p class=MsoNormal><o:p> </o:p></p><p style='mso-margin-top-alt:0cm;margin-right:0cm;margin-bottom:12.0pt;margin-left:0cm'><span style='font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#929292'>All information contained in this email post is proprietary to the City of Edmonton, confidential and intended only for the addressed recipient. If you have received this post in error, please disregard the contents, inform the sender of the misdirection, and remove it from your system. The copying, dissemination or distribution of this email, if misdirected, is strictly prohibited.</span><o:p></o:p></p></td></tr></table></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div></div><p class=MsoNormal><br><i><span style='font-size:9.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#222222'>The contents of this message and any attachment(s) are confidential, proprietary to the City of Edmonton, and are intended only for the addressed recipient. If you have received this in error, please disregard the contents, inform the sender of the misdirection, and remove it from your system. The copying, dissemination, or distribution of this message, if misdirected, is strictly prohibited.</span></i><o:p></o:p></p></div></body></html>