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<p>Research might be feasible but would it help? The amount of
penetration will depend on the size of the limb cross section, the
mass of the falling limb, the height from which it falls, and the
type of soil it lands on. Too many variable to have much
meaningful research. There was a case in the UK decades ago where
a tree fell over in the night, ruptured a gas line, and the next
morning someone's house blew up when they turned on the stove. I
don't have the details, but remember the incident. I have seen
large limbs go right through a 2x4 wall of a house a hundred feet
away from the tree. I have felled trees and dug branches / limbs
out of the ground. Most underground utilities are buried quite
deep, but conceivably a falling limb could penetrate the soil and
hit it. However, on an actuarial risk basis the chances of it
happening are surely very very low, so the overall risk is also
very very low. <br>
</p>
<p>A sensible contractor would surely take some steps to avoid even
that low risk by not felling trees onto ground that might contain
underground utilities. <br>
</p>
<p>PS <br>
</p>
<p>Why would you encourage people to print emails in order to
maintain cutting down trees. Working forest are not necessarily
good for the environment, and often provide lousy wildlife habitat
relative to a natural forest. <br>
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">On Behalf of Dunster and Associates Environmental Consultants Ltd.
Dr. Julian A Dunster R.P.F., R.P.P.., M.C.I.P., ISA Certified Arborist,
ASCA Registered Consulting Arborist # 378,
ISA Tree Risk Assessment Qualified
Honourary Life Member ISA + PNWISA
North American distributor for Rinntech
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.dunster.ca">www.dunster.ca</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.treelaw.info">www.treelaw.info</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.rinntech.info">www.rinntech.info</a>
</pre>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On Wed/4/28/2021 7:43 AM, Luc Rainville
via CANUFNET wrote:<br>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Hello CANUFNET, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I’m working on a
file and got an interning question I could not answer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">A concern was
brought up with hazard trees, but specifically around
the idea of branches from the tops (when falling or
being felled) creating a potential for branches to
impale and penetrate soils. This concern is expressed
due to the presence of underground buried utilities. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">My assumption is
that even if branches impale the soils when a tree
comes crashing down, that this would only be for a few
centimeters in depth (perhaps up to 20-30cm).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Could anyone point
me to research that would support this or provide
advice on depth in which branches from falling trees
could penetrate soils?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks in advance, </p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#074D2C">Luc M. Rainville
</span></b><b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:#074D2C"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C">EP, CRSP, ISA
Certified Arborist, Can-CISEC | SE, PSAC, Arboriculteur
Certifier de l’ISA, Can-CISEC</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#074D2C">Consultant
& Technical Expert | Expert technique et consultant
</span></b><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#074D2C">EastElm
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:2.4pt"><span
style="font-size:1.5pt;color:#074D2C"> </span><span
style="font-size:8.5pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><span
style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C">p / t
: 403-702-6648 <b>| </b>e / c: </span><span
style="font-size:8.5pt;color:black"><a
href="mailto:lr.rainville.consulting@gmail.com%20"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color:#0563C1">lr.rainville.consulting@gmail.com
</span></a> </span><b><span
style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><b><span
style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C"> </span></b><span
style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C">w / i: </span><span
style="font-size:8.5pt;color:black"><a
href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/eastelm"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color:#0563C1">https://www.linkedin.com/company/eastelm</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><span
style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C">a / c : 81
Séguinbourg, Casselman, ON | K0A 1M0</span><span
style="color:black">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><span
style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C" lang="EN-US">"Notice:
It's OK to print this email. Paper is a biodegradable,
renewable, sustainable product made from trees. Growing
and harvesting trees provides jobs for millions... Working
forests are good for the environment and provide clean air
and water, wildlife habitat and carbon storage…" (Leavell
& Owen, 2011)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C" lang="EN-US">"If
wildness can stop being (just) out there and start being
(also) in here, if it can start being as humane as it is
natural, then perhaps we can get on with the unending task
of struggling to live rightly in the world—not just in the
garden, not just in the wilderness, but in the home that
encompasses them both." (Cronon, 1995)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C" lang="EN-US">“Introduced
plants, animals, and pathogens often pose an initially
hidden but eventually monumental problem...Their harmful
effects are often subtle and surreptitious, but the
eventual impacts on the economy or natural environment are
no less real, and [are] often disastrous and even
irreversible.” (Daniel Simberloff, 1996)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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