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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Hi Luc,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Interesting (and somewhat unusual) question.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">I’m sorry that I can’t point you to any such research, but my initial thought is that, given the depth, relatively small size (diameter/thickness), and density of most utilities one would find underground
near trees (e.g., gas, hydro, water, etc.) the likelihood of a branch penetrating the soil to a sufficient depth
<i>with </i>enough force to cause damage <i>and</i> right on top of said utilities is likely so small as to be negligible.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Applying the ANSI/ISA BMP tree risk rating matrix with the utilities as the target, I can’t imagine the “likelihood of impact” ever rising above “very low”, thus necessitating a “low” risk rating
regardless of the likelihood of failure or the potential severity of consequences (though I could certainly be wrong). Perhaps that might suffice to alleviate the concerns of whoever is asking the question.
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">All that said, if you are able to find any research concerning branch soil penetration depth (especially in relation to utility damage), I’d be grateful if you were able to share it.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Kind regards,<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US">Alex<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:10.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif">Alexander Satel, MFC<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Urban forestry and arboricultural consultant
<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">ISA Certified Arborist ON-1353A<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><i><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">ISA Tree Risk Assessment Qualified (TRAQ)<o:p></o:p></span></i></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black"><br>
Urban Forest Innovations, Inc.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">1331 Northaven Drive<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">Mississauga, ON L5G 4E8<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:black">T: (905) 274-1022
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><u><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">asatel@ufis.ca</span></u><span style="font-size:8.0pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#0070C0"><br>
</span><u><span style="font-size:8.5pt;font-family:"Arial",sans-serif;color:#0070C0">urbanforestinnovations.com<o:p></o:p></span></u></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="mso-fareast-language:EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="EN-US">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US"> CANUFNET <canufnet-bounces@list.web.net>
<b>On Behalf Of </b>Luc Rainville via CANUFNET<br>
<b>Sent:</b> April 28, 2021 10:44 AM<br>
<b>To:</b> canufnet@list.web.net<br>
<b>Cc:</b> Luc Rainville <lr.rainville.consulting@gmail.com><br>
<b>Subject:</b> [CANUFNET] Tree limbs and potential damage to underground infrastructure<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><o:p> </o:p></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Hello CANUFNET, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I’m working on a file and got an interning question I could not answer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">A concern was brought up with hazard trees, but specifically around the idea of branches from the tops (when falling or being felled) creating a potential for branches to impale and penetrate soils. This concern is expressed
due to the presence of underground buried utilities. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">My assumption is that even if branches impale the soils when a tree comes crashing down, that this would only be for a few centimeters in depth (perhaps up to 20-30cm).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Could anyone point me to research that would support this or provide advice on depth in which branches from falling trees could penetrate soils?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="FR-CA">Thanks in advance, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FR-CA" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#074D2C">Luc M. Rainville
</span></b><b><span lang="FR-CA" style="font-size:13.5pt;color:#074D2C"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FR-CA" style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C">EP, CRSP, ISA Certified Arborist, Can-CISEC | SE, PSAC, Arboriculteur Certifier de l’ISA, Can-CISEC</span></b><span lang="FR-CA"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span lang="FR-CA" style="color:#074D2C">Consultant & Technical Expert | Expert technique et consultant
</span></b><span lang="FR-CA" style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span lang="FR-CA" style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#074D2C">EastElm
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:2.4pt"><span lang="FR-CA" style="font-size:1.5pt;color:#074D2C"> </span><span lang="FR-CA" style="font-size:8.5pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><span lang="FR-CA" style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C">p / t : 403-702-6648 <b>| </b>e / c: </span><span lang="FR-CA" style="font-size:8.5pt;color:black"><a href="mailto:lr.rainville.consulting@gmail.com%20">lr.rainville.consulting@gmail.com
</a> </span><b><span lang="FR-CA" style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><b><span lang="FR-CA" style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C"> </span></b><span lang="FR-CA" style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C">w / i: </span><span lang="FR-CA" style="font-size:8.5pt;color:black"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/eastelm">https://www.linkedin.com/company/eastelm</a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><span lang="FR-CA" style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C">a / c : 81 Séguinbourg, Casselman, ON | K0A 1M0</span><span lang="FR-CA" style="color:black">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><span lang="FR-CA" style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C">"Notice: It's OK to print this email. Paper is a biodegradable, renewable, sustainable product made from trees. Growing and harvesting trees provides
jobs for millions... Working forests are good for the environment and provide clean air and water, wildlife habitat and carbon storage…" (Leavell & Owen, 2011)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C">"If wildness can stop being (just) out there and start being (also) in here, if it can start being as humane as it is natural, then perhaps we
can get on with the unending task of struggling to live rightly in the world—not just in the garden, not just in the wilderness, but in the home that encompasses them both." (Cronon, 1995)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C">“Introduced plants, animals, and pathogens often pose an initially hidden but eventually monumental problem...Their harmful effects are often
subtle and surreptitious, but the eventual impacts on the economy or natural environment are no less real, and [are] often disastrous and even irreversible.” (Daniel Simberloff, 1996)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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