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<p>To add to my comment about the sign off line in Luc's post
readers may find this article informative:</p>
<p><a moz-do-not-send="true"
href="https://phys.org/news/2021-04-limited-tree-plantations-biodiversity.html">https://phys.org/news/2021-04-limited-tree-plantations-biodiversity.html</a><br>
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">On Behalf of Dunster and Associates Environmental Consultants Ltd.
Dr. Julian A Dunster R.P.F., R.P.P.., M.C.I.P., ISA Certified Arborist,
ASCA Registered Consulting Arborist # 378,
ISA Tree Risk Assessment Qualified
Honourary Life Member ISA + PNWISA
North American distributor for Rinntech
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.dunster.ca">www.dunster.ca</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.treelaw.info">www.treelaw.info</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.rinntech.info">www.rinntech.info</a>
</pre>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On Wed/4/28/2021 8:26 AM, Julian
Dunster via CANUFNET wrote:<br>
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cite="mid:a716d5ad-24c8-01fe-9d38-a489720c1848@dunster.ca">
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<p>Research might be feasible but would it help? The amount of
penetration will depend on the size of the limb cross section,
the mass of the falling limb, the height from which it falls,
and the type of soil it lands on. Too many variable to have much
meaningful research. There was a case in the UK decades ago
where a tree fell over in the night, ruptured a gas line, and
the next morning someone's house blew up when they turned on the
stove. I don't have the details, but remember the incident. I
have seen large limbs go right through a 2x4 wall of a house a
hundred feet away from the tree. I have felled trees and dug
branches / limbs out of the ground. Most underground utilities
are buried quite deep, but conceivably a falling limb could
penetrate the soil and hit it. However, on an actuarial risk
basis the chances of it happening are surely very very low, so
the overall risk is also very very low. <br>
</p>
<p>A sensible contractor would surely take some steps to avoid
even that low risk by not felling trees onto ground that might
contain underground utilities. <br>
</p>
<p>PS <br>
</p>
<p>Why would you encourage people to print emails in order to
maintain cutting down trees. Working forest are not necessarily
good for the environment, and often provide lousy wildlife
habitat relative to a natural forest. <br>
</p>
<pre class="moz-signature" cols="72">On Behalf of Dunster and Associates Environmental Consultants Ltd.
Dr. Julian A Dunster R.P.F., R.P.P.., M.C.I.P., ISA Certified Arborist,
ASCA Registered Consulting Arborist # 378,
ISA Tree Risk Assessment Qualified
Honourary Life Member ISA + PNWISA
North American distributor for Rinntech
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.dunster.ca" moz-do-not-send="true">www.dunster.ca</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.treelaw.info" moz-do-not-send="true">www.treelaw.info</a>
<a class="moz-txt-link-abbreviated" href="http://www.rinntech.info" moz-do-not-send="true">www.rinntech.info</a>
</pre>
<div class="moz-cite-prefix">On Wed/4/28/2021 7:43 AM, Luc
Rainville via CANUFNET wrote:<br>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Hello CANUFNET, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I’m working on a
file and got an interning question I could not
answer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">A concern was
brought up with hazard trees, but specifically
around the idea of branches from the tops (when
falling or being felled) creating a potential for
branches to impale and penetrate soils. This concern
is expressed due to the presence of underground
buried utilities. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">My assumption is
that even if branches impale the soils when a tree
comes crashing down, that this would only be for a
few centimeters in depth (perhaps up to 20-30cm).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Could anyone
point me to research that would support this or
provide advice on depth in which branches from
falling trees could penetrate soils? <o:p></o:p></span></p>
</div>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
</div>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks in advance, </p>
<div>
<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="color:black" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#074D2C">Luc M.
Rainville </span></b><b><span
style="font-size:13.5pt;color:#074D2C"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C">EP, CRSP, ISA
Certified Arborist, Can-CISEC | SE, PSAC,
Arboriculteur Certifier de l’ISA, Can-CISEC</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#074D2C">Consultant
& Technical Expert | Expert technique et
consultant </span></b><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span
style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#074D2C">EastElm <o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:2.4pt"><span
style="font-size:1.5pt;color:#074D2C"> </span><span
style="font-size:8.5pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><span
style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C">p / t
: 403-702-6648 <b>| </b>e / c: </span><span
style="font-size:8.5pt;color:black"><a
href="mailto:lr.rainville.consulting@gmail.com%20"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color:#0563C1">lr.rainville.consulting@gmail.com
</span></a> </span><b><span
style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><b><span
style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C"> </span></b><span
style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C">w / i: </span><span
style="font-size:8.5pt;color:black"><a
href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/eastelm"
moz-do-not-send="true"><span style="color:#0563C1">https://www.linkedin.com/company/eastelm</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><span
style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C">a / c : 81
Séguinbourg, Casselman, ON | K0A 1M0</span><span
style="color:black"> <o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><span
style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
</div>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C" lang="EN-US">"Notice:
It's OK to print this email. Paper is a biodegradable,
renewable, sustainable product made from trees. Growing
and harvesting trees provides jobs for millions...
Working forests are good for the environment and provide
clean air and water, wildlife habitat and carbon
storage…" (Leavell & Owen, 2011)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C" lang="EN-US">"If
wildness can stop being (just) out there and start being
(also) in here, if it can start being as humane as it is
natural, then perhaps we can get on with the unending
task of struggling to live rightly in the world—not just
in the garden, not just in the wilderness, but in the
home that encompasses them both." (Cronon, 1995)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C" lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span
style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C" lang="EN-US">“Introduced
plants, animals, and pathogens often pose an initially
hidden but eventually monumental problem...Their harmful
effects are often subtle and surreptitious, but the
eventual impacts on the economy or natural environment
are no less real, and [are] often disastrous and even
irreversible.” (Daniel Simberloff, 1996)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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