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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Hello CANUFNET, <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">I’m working on a file and got an interning question I could not answer.<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">A concern was brought up with hazard trees, but specifically around the idea of branches from the tops (when falling or being felled) creating a potential for branches to impale and penetrate soils. This concern is expressed
due to the presence of underground buried utilities. <o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">My assumption is that even if branches impale the soils when a tree comes crashing down, that this would only be for a few centimeters in depth (perhaps up to 20-30cm).<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US">Could anyone point me to research that would support this or provide advice on depth in which branches from falling trees could penetrate soils?
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal">Thanks in advance, </p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span lang="EN-US" style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#074D2C">Luc M. Rainville
</span></b><b><span style="font-size:13.5pt;color:#074D2C"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C">EP, CRSP, ISA Certified Arborist, Can-CISEC | SE, PSAC, Arboriculteur Certifier de l’ISA, Can-CISEC</span></b><o:p></o:p></p>
<p class="MsoNormal"><b><span style="color:#074D2C">Consultant & Technical Expert | Expert technique et consultant
</span></b><span style="color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span style="font-size:14.0pt;color:#074D2C">EastElm
<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:2.4pt"><span style="font-size:1.5pt;color:#074D2C"> </span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;color:black"><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C">p / t : 403-702-6648 <b>| </b>e / c: </span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;color:black"><a href="mailto:lr.rainville.consulting@gmail.com%20"><span style="color:#0563C1">lr.rainville.consulting@gmail.com
</span></a> </span><b><span style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C"><o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><b><span style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C"> </span></b><span style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C">w / i: </span><span style="font-size:8.5pt;color:black"><a href="https://www.linkedin.com/company/eastelm"><span style="color:#0563C1">https://www.linkedin.com/company/eastelm</span></a><o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><span style="font-size:8.5pt;color:#074D2C">a / c : 81 Séguinbourg, Casselman, ON | K0A 1M0</span><span style="color:black">
<o:p></o:p></span></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="line-height:12.0pt"><span style="color:black"><o:p> </o:p></span></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C">"Notice: It's OK to print this email. Paper is a biodegradable, renewable, sustainable product made from trees. Growing and harvesting trees provides
jobs for millions... Working forests are good for the environment and provide clean air and water, wildlife habitat and carbon storage…" (Leavell & Owen, 2011)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C">"If wildness can stop being (just) out there and start being (also) in here, if it can start being as humane as it is natural, then perhaps we
can get on with the unending task of struggling to live rightly in the world—not just in the garden, not just in the wilderness, but in the home that encompasses them both." (Cronon, 1995)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C"><o:p> </o:p></span></b></p>
<p class="MsoNormal" style="mso-line-height-alt:2.4pt"><b><span lang="EN-US" style="font-size:8.0pt;color:#074D2C">“Introduced plants, animals, and pathogens often pose an initially hidden but eventually monumental problem...Their harmful effects are often
subtle and surreptitious, but the eventual impacts on the economy or natural environment are no less real, and [are] often disastrous and even irreversible.” (Daniel Simberloff, 1996)<o:p></o:p></span></b></p>
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