<html><head><meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8"></head><body style="word-wrap: break-word; -webkit-nbsp-mode: space; line-break: after-white-space;" class="">Yes the topic is complicated.<div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">If the planting site is within the built environment, e.g. a curbside planting or the like, one could not plant a seedling or a sapling.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">In addition, in my own experience, comparing an oak from either the red or black group with a member of the white group is not a fair comparison as the reds and blacks tend to grow much faster and live a lot less long than those from the white group. Given that, the white would definitely grow slower even in an open landscape.</div><div class=""><br class=""></div><div class="">Naomi Zürcher</div><div class="">Arbor Aegis</div><div class="">Luzern Switzerland<br class=""><div><br class=""><blockquote type="cite" class=""><div class="">On Jun 5, 2021, at 12:16 PM, Stephen Smith via CANUFNET <<a href="mailto:canufnet@list.web.net" class="">canufnet@list.web.net</a>> wrote:</div><br class="Apple-interchange-newline"><div class=""><div class="WordSection1" style="page: WordSection1; caret-color: rgb(0, 0, 0); font-family: Helvetica; font-size: 15px; font-style: normal; font-variant-caps: normal; font-weight: normal; letter-spacing: normal; text-align: start; text-indent: 0px; text-transform: none; white-space: normal; word-spacing: 0px; -webkit-text-stroke-width: 0px; text-decoration: none;"><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">This topic is complicated.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">Smaller stock will produce healthy trees in the long run at the lowest cost as has been noted in these discussions and the research. <span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">But it can also be a question of time and money – are you willing to wait 10 years to get a tree to a size that you could plant today? Will you take care of the little tree – weeding, watering, keeping the animals and kids from destroying it? Investing significant money in a larger tree can also be an inducement to care for it.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">Getting the client or a municipality to accept a seedling instead of a 50mm caliper deciduous tree/175cm conifer is often difficult. It’s also easier for a little one to quietly disappear on a weekend, and nobody will notice if the client really doesn’t want a tree there anyway. Deer or rabbits can eat the small ones, and they can be covered by weeds and vines in the early years. Some municipalities are opting for deciduous trees about 200cm tall and conifers 100cm tall as the best compromise between the two sizes. This means container-grown stock which will have problems with circling roots, but this is another topic.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class="">On my own lawn I have a white oak that was planted as a 60mm wire basket tree in 1999, about 2.5m tall at planting. Two years later I planted a black oak seedling 30cm tall a few feet away. Treating both exactly the same with water and fertilizer regularly the black oak caught up to the white in height in 7 years but still hasn’t caught up in diameter. The black is 33cm DBH and 11m tall, and the white is 34cm DBH and 10m tall today. Both ways worked, with care, but the timing was different.<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Stephen Smith<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Urban Forest Associates<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Urban Forestry & Ecological Restoration<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><a href="http://www.ufora.ca/" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" class="">www.ufora.ca</a><o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Office/fax 416-423-3387<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Cell 416-707-2164<o:p class=""></o:p></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></span></div><div style="border-style: solid none none; border-top-width: 1pt; border-top-color: rgb(225, 225, 225); padding: 3pt 0cm 0cm;" class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><b class=""><span lang="EN-US" class="">From:</span></b><span lang="EN-US" class=""><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>CANUFNET <<a href="mailto:canufnet-bounces@list.web.net" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" class="">canufnet-bounces@list.web.net</a>><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span><b class="">On Behalf Of<span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span></b>Mark Carroll via CANUFNET<br class=""><b class="">Sent:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>June 3, 2021 9:13 PM<br class=""><b class="">To:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Canadian Urban Forest Network <<a href="mailto:canufnet@list.web.net" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" class="">canufnet@list.web.net</a>><br class=""><b class="">Cc:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Mark Carroll <<a href="mailto:environment1st@rogers.com" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" class="">environment1st@rogers.com</a>><br class=""><b class="">Subject:</b><span class="Apple-converted-space"> </span>Re: [CANUFNET] Inquiry regarding tree size and tree establishment<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><p class="MsoNormal" style="margin: 0cm 0cm 12pt; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;">As Municipal Arborist in charge of planting street trees and planting seedlings within natural zones I can emphatically say that planting smaller trees will increase survival rates. I have many examples where small planted trees have survived and even surpassed the growth of nearby larger planted trees, if this makes sense.<o:p class=""></o:p></p><div id="ymail_android_signature" class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><a href="https://go.onelink.me/107872968?pid=InProduct&c=Global_Internal_YGrowth_AndroidEmailSig__AndroidUsers&af_wl=ym&af_sub1=Internal&af_sub2=Global_YGrowth&af_sub3=EmailSignature" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" class="">Sent from Rogers Yahoo Mail on Android</a><o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div><blockquote style="margin-left: 0cm; margin-right: 0cm; margin-bottom: 15pt;" class="" type="cite"><div class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-family: Roboto; color: rgb(109, 0, 246);" class="">On Thu., 3 Jun. 2021 at 1:55 p.m., C. Kavassalis via CANUFNET<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><span style="font-family: Roboto; color: rgb(109, 0, 246);" class=""><<a href="mailto:canufnet@list.web.net" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" class="">canufnet@list.web.net</a>> wrote:<o:p class=""></o:p></span></div></div></div><div style="border-style: none none none solid; border-left-width: 1pt; border-left-color: rgb(109, 0, 246); padding: 0cm 0cm 0cm 15pt; margin-top: 7.5pt;" class=""><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">What is the current understanding of the influence of tree size on<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">transplant establishment and growth?<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">As a Master Gardener, I would like to make sound recommendations to<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">the public regarding caliper size and age of trees for best long term<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">results based on up-to-date research. My current understanding is<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">based on a 15 year old study by Watson concluding that smaller trees<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">establish more quickly and result in larger trees. Does this still<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">reflect best practice?<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Watson, W.. (2005). Influence of Tree Size on Transplant Establishment<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">and Growth. HortTechnology. 15. 10.21273/HORTTECH.15.1.0118.<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><a href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237555899_Infl_uence_of_Tree_Size_on_Transplant_Establishment_and_Growth" target="_blank" style="color: blue; text-decoration: underline;" class="">https://www.researchgate.net/publication/237555899_Infl_uence_of_Tree_Size_on_Transplant_Establishment_and_Growth</a><o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class=""><o:p class=""> </o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Thank you<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Cathy Kavassalis<o:p class=""></o:p></div></div><div class=""><div style="margin: 0cm; font-size: 11pt; font-family: Calibri, sans-serif;" class="">Master Gardeners of Ontario</div></div></div></blockquote></div></div></blockquote></div><br class=""></div></body></html>