[CANUFNET] Article: Asian Gypsy Moth
Adrina Bardekjian
abardekjian at treecanada.ca
Wed Jul 8 16:25:12 EDT 2015
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Asian Gypsy Moth
By Troy Kimoto, Canadian Food Inspection Agency
June 2015
Background
The Asian gypsy moth (AGM) (Lymantria dispar asiatica or L. dispar japonica) is an invasive pest present in China, Russia, Korea and Japan (Figure 1). This polyphagous insect is not known to occur in Canada and poses a significant threat to Canada's forests, biodiversity and economy. The larval stages (i.e. caterpillars) (Figure 2) feed on the leaves of many economically important trees such as oak, larch, birch, alder, hazelnut, apple, cherry, pear, poplar, willow, pine and spruce. Caterpillars can consume the entire leaf and under high populations, this insect can strip all the leaves from a tree leading to reduced growth and in the event of multiple years of defoliation, tree mortality.
Female moths lay egg masses (Figure 3, 4) on host trees as well as man-made structures. This behavior allows this moth to hitch-hike to new areas – thus the term gypsy moth.
Pathways into Canada
As with many moths that are nocturnal, female AGM are attracted and fly towards lights. When containerized consignments (e.g. iPads, running shoes, granite, food, etc.) are loaded onto ships and cargos in Asia, female moths can lay egg masses on them or their content. If the egg masses arrive in Canada during the hatching period, the larvae will disperse with the wind over long distances, thereby increasing the likelihood of finding a host tree. If enough individuals successfully develop to the moth stage, a population could become established.
What Can You Do To Help?
As AGM feeds on a wide range of hardwood and coniferous trees, its introduction into Canada would likely impact municipal street trees and natural areas as well as many industries. Therefore, early detection of this pest, if introduced into Canada is crucial. This is why the Canadian Food Inspection Agency has put in place a surveillance program and developed outreach tools<http://www.inspection.gc.ca/plants/plant-protection/plant-pest-surveillance/eng/1344466499681/1344466638872> for this pest.
If you see suspect egg masses or adult moths, please contact your local CFIA office<http://www.inspection.gc.ca/about-the-cfia/offices/eng/1313255382836/1313256130232>. AGM is regulated by the CFIA. To find out more about this insect, visit the CFIA website<http://www.inspection.gc.ca/plants/plant-protection/insects/gypsy-moth/asian-gypsy-moth/eng/1330353359964/1330353499535>.
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Figure 1. Female Asian gypsy moth. Note black crescent pointing to the dot on the wing.
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Figure 2. Asian gypsy moth larva. Note the 5 pairs of blue bumps followed by 6 pairs of red bumps.
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Figure 3. Female moth laying an egg mass.
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Figure 4. Egg mass on vessel from Asia.
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· Participate in a CUFS Working Group <http://www.cufn.ca/#!canadian-urban-forest-strategy/c1gbp>
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La spongieuse asiatique
Par Troy Kimoto, Agence canadienne d’inspection des aliments
Juin 2015
Renseignements généraux
La spongieuse asiatique (Lymantria dispar asiatica ou L. dispar japonica) est une espèce de ravageur envahissante que l’on retrouve en Chine, en Russie, en Corée et au Japon (Figure 1). Cet insecte polyphage (qui s’accommode de nourritures variées) n’est pas un insecte indigène au Canada et il pose un grand risque aux forêts, à la biodiversité et à l’économie du Canada. Au stade larvaire (p. ex. chenille) (Figure 2), cet insecte se nourrit des feuilles d’arbres ayant une importance économique, comme le chêne, le mélèze, le bouleau, l’aulne, le noisetier, le pommier, le cerisier, le poirier, le peuplier, le saule, le pin et l’épinette. Les chenilles peuvent consommer la feuille au complet et lorsque leur population est élevée, ces insectes peuvent enlever toutes les feuilles d’un arbre, entravant sa croissance et, lorsque l’arbre subit plusieurs années de défoliation, causant sa mort.
Les spongieuses femelles pondent des grappes d’œufs (Figures 3 et 4) sur les arbres infestés ainsi que sur des structures artificielles. Ce comportement permet aux spongieuses de se déplacer d’un endroit à l’autre.
Voies d’accès au Canada
Comme c’est le cas de différents papillons de nuit, les spongieuses asiatiques femelles sont attirées et se dirigent vers la lumière. Lorsque de la marchandise transportée par conteneur (comme des iPads, des espadrilles, du granit, de la nourriture, etc.) est chargée dans des cargaisons et sur des navires en Asie, les spongieuses femelles peuvent pondre des grappes d’œufs sur les conteneurs ou la marchandise. Si les grappes d’œufs arrivent au Canada pendant la période d’éclosion, les larves se disperseront au vent sur de grandes distances, leur donnant ainsi plus de chance de trouver des arbres hôtes. Si un nombre suffisant de larves atteignent le stade adulte, une population peut s’établir.
Que pouvez-vous faire pour aider à prévenir les infestations?
Comme la spongieuse asiatique peut consommer diverses espèces de feuillus et de conifères, son introduction au Canada aurait probablement des répercussions sur les arbres de rue municipaux et les aires naturelles ainsi que sur plusieurs industries. Il est donc essentiel de déceler sa présence dès le début si cet insecte s’introduit au Canada. C’est pourquoi l’Agence canadienne d’inspection des aliments (ACIA) a mis sur pied un programme de surveillance et des outils de sensibilisation<http://www.inspection.gc.ca/vegetaux/protection-des-vegetaux/surveillance-phytosanitaire/fra/1344466499681/1344466638872> visant ce ravageur.
Si vous observez des grappes d’œufs ou des spongieuses adultes, veuillez communiquer avec votre bureau local de l’ACIA<http://www.inspection.gc.ca/au-sujet-de-l-acia/bureaux/fra/1313255382836/1313256130232>. La spongieuse asiatique est réglementée par l’ACIA. Pour vous renseigner davantage sur cet insecte, visitez le site Web de l’ACIA<http://www.inspection.gc.ca/vegetaux/protection-des-vegetaux/insectes/la-spongieuse/la-spongieuse-asiatique/fra/1330353359964/1330353499535>.
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Figure 1. Spongieuse asiatique femelle. Remarquez le demi-cercle noir orienté vers le point sur l’aile.
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Figure 2. Larve de spongieuse asiatique. Remarquez les 5 paires de bosses bleues suivies de 6 paires de bosses rouges.
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Figure 3. Spongieuse femelle pondant une grappe d’œufs.
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Figure 4. Grappe d’œufs sur un navire venant d’Asie.
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Pour plus de renseignements, visitez www.rcfu.ca<http://www.rcfu.ca>.
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*************
Adrina Bardekjian, MFC, PhD
Program Manager, Urban Forestry | Gestionnaire des programmes en foresterie urbaine
Tree Canada/Arbres Canada
470 rue Somerset St. West/ouest |Ottawa, ON K1R 5J8
abardekjian at treecanada.ca / abardekjian at arbrescanada.ca<abardekjian at arbrescanada.ca%20>
treecanada.ca<http://treecanada.ca/> / arbrescanada.ca<http://arbrescanada.ca/>
Growing better places to live | Des environnements plus sains prennent racine
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